Tips

Electric motors in certain cases run as a generator by the machine that is operating and feeds the electric network. If the motor is required to stop or slow down to nominal speed in such cases, a resistor with suitable ohmic and watt ratings is connected to inverter braking terminals to convert the energy generated by the motor to DC and convert it into heat through dynamic braking resistor. The required power of a braking resistor (dynamic braking) to brake a motor that rotates at maximum speed and maximum load must be equal to the power of the motor. However, as the braking time is generally around a few seconds, a resistor power rating that is smaller than the motor’s rated power can be overloaded for a short time to provide an economical way of braking.

     Warning 1

Ohmic value of resistors for braking purposes can not be less than stated dynamic braking resistor manufacturer catalog values. Otherwise, the inverter and resistor can be damaged. If the ohmic value chosen is larger than the inverter catalog’s recommended value, braking time gets longer. Braking time is determined by the weight and speed of rotating parts.

     Warning 2

If braking time is unknown, as a safety tolerance, the resistor watt rating should be chosen the same as the motor’s power rating.

     Example 1

Suppose that an electric motor with a power rating of 100 kW, is lifting a load for 60 seconds and descending the load for 60 seconds with dynamic braking. The operation factor (ED%) for this system will be ED% = 60/(60+60) = 50 % . As a result of this fact, this braking resistor will operate for 60 seconds and cool down for 60 seconds within the operating cycle of 120 seconds of the crane. As a result of this fact, a braking resistor that will brake a 100 kW motor for 60 seconds must withstand operating 0,50 x 100 = 50 kW continuously and 100 kW for 60 seconds.

     Example 2

If a 100 kW electric motor is running 10 seconds and dynamic braking is being applied for 80 seconds within a time frame of 90 seconds, as the braking time is longer than 60 seconds, it is considered as continuous braking and a dynamic braking resistor which can withstand 100 kW continuously is strongly recommended.

     Example 3

Suppose a 100 kW electric motor is rotating a fan and after the frequency of the motor becomes zero, the fan stops with a braking resistor at 6 seconds. If the motor will start running after Tr = 54 seconds, a smaller wattage rating for this application can be selected.

Overload time (Tbr) = 6 seconds.

Braking Resistor Power at Overload (Pbr) = Pmotor x Tbr / (Tbr + Tc) = 100 x 6 / (6+54) = 10 kW . So a resistor with a power rating of 10 kW is enough for his application.

Over Load Multiplier of this resistor (OLM) = (6+54)/6 = 10.

So a 10 kW resistor must withstand the power of 10 x 10 = 100 kW for 6 seconds.

The relationship between Over Load Multiplier / Cooling time / Over Load Time can be seen in the following graph.